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The invention of reinforced concrete is often attributed to builder William Wilkinson, who asked in 1854 a patent for a system that included iron armor for 'improving housing construction, warehouses and other fire-resistant buildings. Sydney Opera House, a building designed by Danish architect Jorn Utzon in 1957 and opened in 1973, in Sydney, Australia used concrete color pigment.
The great progress in the scientific study of the behavior of reinforced concretes and technological advances enabled the construction of large dams and tall skyscrapers. Its role is now irreplaceable in public buildings, including stadiums, theaters, cinemas, etc. Many nations and cities compete to erect a larger building that is more beautiful, as a symbol of progress that normally will be made of reinforced slabs.
Thanks to the Roman architect Vitruvius' work Ten Books on Architecture, today we have a pretty good knowledge of how toprepare the contemporary binder. There was a mixture of lime and silica. By adding water, there is a chemical reaction between the two materials that form calcium silicate hydrate. This technique was lost until you found Vitruvius' work in the year 1414. Limestone is still the main ingredient in concrete mixtures.
The variety of concretes that have emerged around the late twentieth century, has been allowed to exist: concrete reinforced with glass fibers (GRC), cellular concretes lightened with natural, self-compacting fibers. The history of this material represents an essential chapter in the history of building construction. When it was decided to construct buildings using clay or stone materials, it became necessary to obtain pastes or mortars that allow attaching said to form stable masonry structures.
Concretes by their stone characteristics withstand compression forces, and other types of cracking stress (bending, tension, torsion, shearing); inclusion of metal rods optimize their characteristics and their widespread use in many engineering and architecture projects. The world's tallest buildings have steel structures, such as the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (452 meters, 1998), the Taipei 101 in Taiwan (509 meters, 2004), or the Burj Dubai city of Dubai (818 meters, 2009), in the XXI century.
Without the participation of an aggregate it is called mortar. Concretes are produced with other binders which are cement, asphalt concrete and bitumen used for mixing. Cement is a powdery material that by itself is not binding, and when mixed with water, the hydrate becomes a moldable paste with adhesive properties.
Since one of the harmful effects to the environment is that cement production generates large volumes of carbon dioxide, the cement replacement technology plays an important role in efforts to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide. It is typically included in certain catalysts which allow its 'autolavado' such as titanium dioxide mixtures. It is also used to confine radioactive waste.
Among them, the most important is the nuclear reactor that collapsed in the Chernobyl plant, which was covered with concrete to prevent radiation leaks. Concrete is the material resulting aggregates unite with paste obtained by adding water to a conglomerante. The binder can be any, but when we refer to concrete, usually is an artificial cement, and between them, the most important. Aggregates come from the disintegration or grinding, natural or artificial rocks and, according to the nature thereof, are called siliceous aggregates, limestone, granite, etc. The aggregate whose size is greater than 5 mm is called coarse or gravel, whereas less than 5 mm is called arena.
The great progress in the scientific study of the behavior of reinforced concretes and technological advances enabled the construction of large dams and tall skyscrapers. Its role is now irreplaceable in public buildings, including stadiums, theaters, cinemas, etc. Many nations and cities compete to erect a larger building that is more beautiful, as a symbol of progress that normally will be made of reinforced slabs.
Thanks to the Roman architect Vitruvius' work Ten Books on Architecture, today we have a pretty good knowledge of how toprepare the contemporary binder. There was a mixture of lime and silica. By adding water, there is a chemical reaction between the two materials that form calcium silicate hydrate. This technique was lost until you found Vitruvius' work in the year 1414. Limestone is still the main ingredient in concrete mixtures.
The variety of concretes that have emerged around the late twentieth century, has been allowed to exist: concrete reinforced with glass fibers (GRC), cellular concretes lightened with natural, self-compacting fibers. The history of this material represents an essential chapter in the history of building construction. When it was decided to construct buildings using clay or stone materials, it became necessary to obtain pastes or mortars that allow attaching said to form stable masonry structures.
Concretes by their stone characteristics withstand compression forces, and other types of cracking stress (bending, tension, torsion, shearing); inclusion of metal rods optimize their characteristics and their widespread use in many engineering and architecture projects. The world's tallest buildings have steel structures, such as the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (452 meters, 1998), the Taipei 101 in Taiwan (509 meters, 2004), or the Burj Dubai city of Dubai (818 meters, 2009), in the XXI century.
Without the participation of an aggregate it is called mortar. Concretes are produced with other binders which are cement, asphalt concrete and bitumen used for mixing. Cement is a powdery material that by itself is not binding, and when mixed with water, the hydrate becomes a moldable paste with adhesive properties.
Since one of the harmful effects to the environment is that cement production generates large volumes of carbon dioxide, the cement replacement technology plays an important role in efforts to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide. It is typically included in certain catalysts which allow its 'autolavado' such as titanium dioxide mixtures. It is also used to confine radioactive waste.
Among them, the most important is the nuclear reactor that collapsed in the Chernobyl plant, which was covered with concrete to prevent radiation leaks. Concrete is the material resulting aggregates unite with paste obtained by adding water to a conglomerante. The binder can be any, but when we refer to concrete, usually is an artificial cement, and between them, the most important. Aggregates come from the disintegration or grinding, natural or artificial rocks and, according to the nature thereof, are called siliceous aggregates, limestone, granite, etc. The aggregate whose size is greater than 5 mm is called coarse or gravel, whereas less than 5 mm is called arena.
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