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Fingerprinting refers to the process by which the impressions of fingerprints of a person are taken for different purposes. This process was originally done by rolling the finger in ink and then rolling the inked part on a fingerprint card. In the modern era however, computers are used to scan the finger and the impressions are printed and stored on the computer memory. To get the best practices in fingerprinting Dallas is the place to visit.
There are several ways through which fingerprints can be collected from an individual. Major examples are exemplar, latent, patent, plastic, and electronic recording. Exemplar prints is the name for prints that are collected with full knowledge of the subjects. This happens during situations such as enrolment into a program or when one is arrested and their prints are taken for use in official purposes. This can be done using live scan or ink and paper cards.
In forensic science prints left by accident or chance are referred to as latent prints. Their visibility or clarity at the time of deposition does not matter. Such deposition may be caused by sweaty hands or contaminants such as ink, motor oil, blood, or paint among others. Employment of electronic, chemical, and physical processing techniques allows for visualization of hidden print residues.
Latent prints may not be complete hence may only reveal a section of the desired patterns. Sometimes they are distorted, smudged, or overlapped with other fingerprints. They are therefore not a reliable source of comparison due to lack of clarity, content, and undistorted information like those taken under controlled situations. However the pattern type such as whorl, loop, and arch may be clearly visible.
Plastic and patent prints have some resemblance because they both involve leaving impressions in foreign substances that are able to retain the patterns on the hands. Wet clay and flour are some of major examples of such substances. The need to use processing techniques to derive prints is eliminated because they are normally visible and sufficiently clear. Photographs are always sufficient. Electronic recording becomes handy in determining matches from photographs.
The main reason for fingerprinting is identification also known as dactyloscopy. Dactyloscopy capitalizes on the fact that not two fingerprints from two individuals can be exactly the same in all aspects. Sometimes the impressions recorded from the same person may have some slight differences. The process is done by an expert who is restricted by several rules for declaring two prints as from the same individual.
Fingerprinting is affected by several factors including slippage, deposition pressure, skin pliability, roughness of a surface and the material the surface is made of. These factors are very many and each one of them affects deposition of friction ridge in several ways. For this reason, experts concerned with examining and taking prints undergo intensive and extensive training to equip them with enough knowledge. Dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of fingerprints.
The legitimacy of evidence based on prints has always been received with a lot of criticism. Law, media, and academics are the major fields that have challenged soundness of this technique. In spite of low error rates, criticism has made this field controversial.
There are several ways through which fingerprints can be collected from an individual. Major examples are exemplar, latent, patent, plastic, and electronic recording. Exemplar prints is the name for prints that are collected with full knowledge of the subjects. This happens during situations such as enrolment into a program or when one is arrested and their prints are taken for use in official purposes. This can be done using live scan or ink and paper cards.
In forensic science prints left by accident or chance are referred to as latent prints. Their visibility or clarity at the time of deposition does not matter. Such deposition may be caused by sweaty hands or contaminants such as ink, motor oil, blood, or paint among others. Employment of electronic, chemical, and physical processing techniques allows for visualization of hidden print residues.
Latent prints may not be complete hence may only reveal a section of the desired patterns. Sometimes they are distorted, smudged, or overlapped with other fingerprints. They are therefore not a reliable source of comparison due to lack of clarity, content, and undistorted information like those taken under controlled situations. However the pattern type such as whorl, loop, and arch may be clearly visible.
Plastic and patent prints have some resemblance because they both involve leaving impressions in foreign substances that are able to retain the patterns on the hands. Wet clay and flour are some of major examples of such substances. The need to use processing techniques to derive prints is eliminated because they are normally visible and sufficiently clear. Photographs are always sufficient. Electronic recording becomes handy in determining matches from photographs.
The main reason for fingerprinting is identification also known as dactyloscopy. Dactyloscopy capitalizes on the fact that not two fingerprints from two individuals can be exactly the same in all aspects. Sometimes the impressions recorded from the same person may have some slight differences. The process is done by an expert who is restricted by several rules for declaring two prints as from the same individual.
Fingerprinting is affected by several factors including slippage, deposition pressure, skin pliability, roughness of a surface and the material the surface is made of. These factors are very many and each one of them affects deposition of friction ridge in several ways. For this reason, experts concerned with examining and taking prints undergo intensive and extensive training to equip them with enough knowledge. Dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of fingerprints.
The legitimacy of evidence based on prints has always been received with a lot of criticism. Law, media, and academics are the major fields that have challenged soundness of this technique. In spite of low error rates, criticism has made this field controversial.
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